D. Milošević, D. Batinić

Urolithiasis in childhood and adolescence is often caused by promoter/inhibitor disturbance in urine (calcium, oxalate, citrate, glycosaminglycans). Urine supersaturation is the major promoter mechanism for stone development. Idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis is the most common stone to find in our country, but infective and cystine (even urate) stones can be the cause of disease. Urgent nonsurgical treatment includes forced diuresis with use of analgetic and spasmolytic therapy. ESWL litotripsy and surgery procedures are the choice for definitive removal of stones. Diet with calcium and oxalate in balance, reduction of food sodium and protein, together with adequate diuresis are the basic procedures for prevention of urolithiasis.